"C. samoensis" Japan

A stock obtained from Dr. Hideo Yajima, Ibaraki University, Mito, Japan and called C. samoensis was studied genetically by Kuhn et al. (1987), Elbetieha and Kalthoff (1988) and for the polytene chromosome patterns by Wülker et al. (1989).
This species is not considered to be any variant of C. samoensis, since the species usually called "C. samoensis" in Japan does not occur near Mito.  It is more likely that this is one of the current variants of C. flaviplumus, however the absence of morphological or molecular data for this species, and the absence of cytological studies for the C. flaviplumus variants, means that no useful comparisons can be made.

Notes on the specimens obtained by Prof. Wülker, now in the Zoologische Staatssammlung, München, provide some information about the larvae.
Larva:  Gula pale to slightly darkened; frontoclypeus slightly brown to dark stripe.

Cytology:  4 polytene chromosomes with the pseudothummi arm combination AE, BF, CD, G.

Nucleolus virtually terminal in arm G;  well developed BR about one third from the other end, and a smaller BR close to this other end;  closely paired.  A nucleolus also occurs near the characteristic bands of arm F.
Arm A of Australian C. "samoensis" differs from that of this species by a complex inversion, and arm F by possibly a simple inversion.  Polymorphism in arms C and G.
ArmA1:    1a-i, 2k-d, 9e - 4a, 13a - 14i, 3h-i, 12c - 10a, 2c - 1k, 3a-g, 15 - 19                        complex inv. from holomelas, etc. (Japan)
ArmB1:    Puff near the middle of the arm with distal dark bands (gps. 8 - 7)
ArmC1:   
ArmC2:    Differs by a small terminal inversion, distal of characteristic band groups 3-4.
ArmD1:   
ArmE1:    1 - 3e, 10b - 3f, 10c - 13                                                                                                        as halophilis, etc.
ArmF1:    1 -2a, 10d-a, 15 - 11, 2b - 9, 16 - 23
ArmG1:   
ArmG2:    Inversion of central half of the arm from just distal of the nucleolus to just distal of the second BR.

Chromosome arms A, E and F were described by Wülker et al. (1989) as C. samoensis.  However, some sequences of Australian specimens are not the same, although closely related.

This species can be bred in the laboratory, as Japanese specimens have been maintained in a laboratory culture (Elbetieha and Kalthoff 1988).