Species 3o.  C. entis Shobanov, 1985 immatures

Pupa:  (from Langton & Visser (2003) (Palearctic specimens):
Length 16.5 (14.3-19.4) mm.  Exuvia golden to golden brown, rarely brown.Cephalic tubercles 213x177–275x225 µm; frontal setae87-110 µm.  Thoracic base 250x100 – 370-x155 µm.
Hook row of segment II entire, covering 0.54-0.61 of segment width; 63-113 hooks.
Armament of TII-VI not strongly waisted, posterior transverse band not increasing in length to TVI; usually reduced on TVI.
Spur of segment VIII with 12-26 elongate teeth; fringe of anal lobe with 211 (82-285) taeniae.

Fourth instar larva is relatively variable in different areas, possibly due to different ecological conditions.  Large (13.7-28 mm: fem. 21.3-28; male 20.3-25.4) generally semireductus-type; anterior VT often often straight and taper only at end (Butler, unpubl.), and often longer than posterior pair (ant. 0.26-0.8 mm; post. 0.17-0.68 mm), generally shorter than those of . plumosus, but in New Mexico specimens the VT are longer and the posterior pair are nearly equal or may be longer.  Lateral tubules variable, from 90-550 µm in length.  Anal tubules quite long (759-911 µm) and about 2.5-2.75 times longer than wide (ventral pair often narrower than dorsal pair).
Gular region dark to very dark, covering most of the region, but often with a slightly scalloped anterior margin (up and around the outer edges of the mentum), Frontoclypeus pale.

Gula dark-very dark on basal 2/3 and up to ventromentum, with a rough edge; fronyoclypeus pale.  Russian workers report differences in head coloration pattern to those of C. plumosus, but these have yet to be confirmed in North American material.
Mentum (Fig. c) with 4th laterals hardly reduced (type I tending to type II) and the central tooth with separated c2 teeth, either type IIA or possibly a worn type III.
Ventromentum (Fig. d) about 3.9-4.7 times wider than deep with a slightly jagged edge (Fig. f) due to outer hooks; VMR about 0.24 (0.20-0.26); separated by about 0.33-0.41 of mentum width and 1.06 (1.02-1.15) times the mentum width.
Pecten epipharyngis (Fig. a)with about 14 (10-17) teeth of type B but often irregular; oesophageal opening apparently wider (sometimes arched) than that of C. plumosus, about 4 (3.56-5.6) times longer than wide.
Premandible (Fig. b) with relatively narrow teeth, coming to a narrow sharp point; inner tooth about 1.5-4.5 times wider than the outer tooth.
Antenna (Fig. g) with basal segment slightly longer than that of C. plumosus 3.82 times longer than wide but with considerable overlap in range; RO slightly above the middle of the segment (0.54-0.78 up from base); AR 2.82 (2.43-3.25); relative length of segments (micron): 216 : 41 : 11 : 15 : 9, A3 longer than A5 in all studied specimens.
Distance between antennal bases generally greater (288 µm) than that between the S4 setae (261 µm) which are separated by about 0.81 (0.79-0.82) of the FC width.Mandible (Fig. e) with third inner tooth well developed and and darkened (Type IIIC), with about 29 (24-35) furrows on outer surface near the base; and 15.2 (13-18) taeniae in the Pecten mandibularis. Mdt-Mat 44.5 (30-56).

Cytology:  4 relatively short polytene chromosomes with thummi arm combination AB, CD, EF, G.  Very similar to C. plumosus.
Arm G more commonly partly paired, with a large virtually terminal nucleolus; Balbiani ring near middle of arm below the nucleolus.
Arm A most commonly with the Holarctic sequence A4.    Polymorphism in arms A, B, D, E and F.
h'entA4:    1-2c, 10-12a, 13ba, 4a-c, 2g-d, 9-4d, 2h-3, 12cb, 13c-19
n'entA11:  1-2c, 10-12, 14f-13, 3-2h, 4d-9, 2d-g, 4c-a, 14g-19                        from h'ent A1
n'entA12:  1-2b, 12a-10, 2c, 12bc, 14f-13, 3-2h, 4d-9, 2d-g, 4c-a, 14g-19            from A11
n'entA13:  1-2c, 10-12, 14f-13, 3-2h, 4d-9, 2d-g, 4c-a, 14g-i, 17d-15, 17e-19        from A11
n'entA14:  1-2c, 10-12, 14f-13, 3-2h, 4d-9, 2d-g, 4c-a, 14g-i, 17-15, 18-19            from A11
n'entA15:  1-2c, 10ab, 7d-9, 2d-g, 4c-a, 13ab, 12a, 11-10c, 7c-4d, 2h-3, 12cb, 13c-14, 17-15, 18-19        from A4 & recomb with A14.
h'entB1:    Puff near distal end of the arm. Differs by simple inversion from h'pluB2
n'entB5:    Larger inversion moving BR to middle of arm
n'entB6:    Small submedian inversion
n'entB7:    Small proximal inversion
n'entB8:    Slightly larger proximal inversion
n'entC3:    1a, 11h-d, 6gh, 17a, 16h-a, 7-6c, 2c, 5-6b, 11c-8, 15-12, 1b-2b, 4-2d, 17b-22
h'entD1:    1-2d, 15e-16c, 18cd, 8-10a, 13a-12, 18ba, 7-4, 10e-b, 13b-15d, 2e-3, 11a-c, 16d-17, 18e-24
n'entD4:    1-2d, 15e-16c, 18cd, 8, 19-18e, 17-16d, 11c-a, 3-2e, 15d-13b, 10b-e, 4-7, 18ab, 12-13a, 10a-9, 20-24
h'entE1:    1-2b, 11b-10c, 3f-4, 10b-5, 3e-2c, 11c-13;            i.e. as muratensis
(alt. E1):    1-2b, 11b-10c, 3f-4b, 3b-e, 10b-4c, 3a, 2e-c, 11c-13        (see Kiknadze et al. 2000)
n'entE5:    1a-g, 10c-11b, 2b-1h, 3f-4, 10b-5, 3e-2c, 11c-13 (from alt E1)
n'entEF(E6+F5):  simple pericentric invsion of about Egp6 - Fgp7
Arm F1:    1a-d, 6-1e, 7-10, 17-11, 18-23
Arm F4:    1a-d, 6-1e, 19-18, 11-17, 10-7, 20-23;            i.e. as plumosus F3
h'entG1:n'entG3:    differs by small distal inversion.

Cytology described by Kiknadze et al. (2000a, & b) and arm A revised by Golygina and Kiknadze (2008);    larva described by Shobanov (1989a, & b).