Species 3o.  C. entis Shobanov, 1985 immatures

Pupa:  (from Langton & Visser (2003) (Palearctic specimens):
Length 16.5 (14.3-19.4) mm.  Exuvia golden to golden brown, rarely brown.Cephalic tubercles 213x177–275x225 µm; frontal setae87-110 µm.  Thoracic base 250x100 – 370-x155 µm.
Hook row of segment II entire, covering 0.54-0.61 of segment width; 63-113 hooks.
Armament of TII-VI not strongly waisted, posterior transverse band not increasing in length to TVI; usually reduced on TVI.
Spur of segment VIII with 12-26 elongate teeth; fringe of anal lobe with 211 (82-285) taeniae.

Fourth instar larva is relatively variable in different areas, possibly due to different ecological conditions.  Large (18.3-28.0 mm: fem. 21.3-28; male 18.3-25.4) generally semireductus-type; anterior Ventral tubules straight and taper only at end (Butler, unpubl.)  They are generally shorter (ant. 0.5 (0.26-0.80) mm; post. 0.47 (0.17-0.68) mm) than those of C. plumosus with the anterior pair longer. They also seem to be quite variable in length between localities with those from Lake Waskesiu, Saskatchewan much shorter (ant. 0.26 µm; post. 0.17 µm) than those of other localities for which measurements are available.  Lateral tubules relatively short 184 (90-220 µm) in length.  Anal tubules quite long (600-910 µm) and about 2.5-4.0 times longer than wide (ventral pair often narrower than dorsal pair).

Gula dark to very dark on basal 2/3 and up to ventromentum, with a rough edge; frontoclypeus pale.  Russian workers report differences in head coloration pattern to those of C. plumosus, but these have yet to be confirmed in North American material.
Mentum (Fig. c) of type I tending to type II (i.e. 4th laterals reduced slightly but not down to level of 5th laterals); 1st laterals sloping outwards.
Ventromentum (Fig. d) about 3.9-4.7 times wider than deep; wider than mentum width, separated by about 0.33-0.41 of width of mentum, and about 1.06 (1.02-1.15) times wider than the mentum; anterior edge, particularly near the middle, appears rough due to outer hooks (Fig. f); and with about 85-93 striae (lower than Palearctic specimens where the mean is 103); VMR about 0.24 (0.20-0.26).
Pecten epipharyngis (Fig. a)with about 14 (10-17) teeth of type B but often irregular; oesophageal opening apparently wider (sometimes arched) than that of C. plumosus, about 4 (3.56-5.6) times longer than wide.
Premandible (Fig. b) with relatively narrow teeth, coming to a narrow sharp point; inner tooth about 1.5-4.5 times wider than the outer tooth.
Antenna (Fig. g) with basal segment slightly longer than that of C. plumosus 3.82 times longer than wide but with considerable overlap in range; RO slightly above the middle of the segment (0.54-0.78 up from base); AR 2.82 (2.43-3.25); relative length of segments (micron): 216 : 41 : 11 : 15 : 9, A3 longer than A5 in all studied specimens.
Distance between antennal bases generally greater (288 µm) than that between the S4 setae (261 µm) which are separated by about 0.81 (0.79-0.82) of the FC width.Mandible (Fig. e) with third inner tooth well developed and and darkened (Type IIIC), with about 29 (24-35) furrows on outer surface near the base; and 15.2 (13-18) taeniae in the Pecten mandibularis. Mdt-Mat 44.5 (30-56).

Cytology:  4 relatively short polytene chromosomes with thummi arm combination AB, CD, EF, G.  Very similar to C. plumosus.
Arm G more commonly partly paired, with a large virtually terminal nucleolus; Balbiani ring near middle of arm below the nucleolus.
Arm A most commonly with the Holarctic sequence A4.    Polymorphism in arms A, B, D, E and F.
h'entA4:    1-2c, 10-12a, 13ba, 4a-c, 2g-d, 9-4d, 2h-3, 12cb, 13c-19
n'entA11:  1-2c, 10-12, 14f-13, 3-2h, 4d-9, 2d-g, 4c-a, 14g-19                        from h'ent A1
n'entA12:  1-2b, 12a-10, 2c, 12bc, 14f-13, 3-2h, 4d-9, 2d-g, 4c-a, 14g-19            from A11
n'entA13:  1-2c, 10-12, 14f-13, 3-2h, 4d-9, 2d-g, 4c-a, 14g-i, 17d-15, 17e-19        from A11
n'entA14:  1-2c, 10-12, 14f-13, 3-2h, 4d-9, 2d-g, 4c-a, 14g-i, 17-15, 18-19            from A11
n'entA15:  1-2c, 10ab, 7d-9, 2d-g, 4c-a, 13ab, 12a, 11-10c, 7c-4d, 2h-3, 12cb, 13c-14, 17-15, 18-19        from A4 & recomb with A14.
h'entB1:    Puff near distal end of the arm. Differs by simple inversion from h'pluB2
n'entB5:    Larger inversion moving BR to middle of arm
n'entB6:    Small submedian inversion
n'entB7:    Small proximal inversion
n'entB8:    Slightly larger proximal inversion
n'entC3:    1a, 11h-d, 6gh, 17a, 16h-a, 7-6c, 2c, 5-6b, 11c-8, 15-12, 1b-2b, 4-2d, 17b-22
h'entD1:    1-2d, 15e-16c, 18cd, 8-10a, 13a-12, 18ba, 7-4, 10e-b, 13b-15d, 2e-3, 11a-c, 16d-17, 18e-24
n'entD4:    1-2d, 15e-16c, 18cd, 8, 19-18e, 17-16d, 11c-a, 3-2e, 15d-13b, 10b-e, 4-7, 18ab, 12-13a, 10a-9, 20-24
h'entE1:    1-2b, 11b-10c, 3f-4, 10b-5, 3e-2c, 11c-13;            i.e. as muratensis
(alt. E1):    1-2b, 11b-10c, 3f-4b, 3b-e, 10b-4c, 3a, 2e-c, 11c-13        (see Kiknadze et al. 2000)
n'entE5:    1a-g, 10c-11b, 2b-1h, 3f-4, 10b-5, 3e-2c, 11c-13 (from alt E1)
n'entEF(E6+F5):  simple pericentric invsion of about Egp6 - Fgp7
Arm F1:    1a-d, 6-1e, 7-10, 17-11, 18-23
Arm F4:    1a-d, 6-1e, 19-18, 11-17, 10-7, 20-23;            i.e. as plumosus F3
h'entG1:n'entG3:    differs by small distal inversion.

Cytology described by Kiknadze et al. (2000a, & b) and arm A revised by Golygina and Kiknadze (2008);    larva described by Shobanov (1989a, & b).