Larva:
a medium plumosus-type (length 10.6-13.7 mm; females 11.2-12.5 mm).
Posterior pair of ventral tubules generally longer than anterior pair (ant. 1.36-2.48 mm; post. 1.52-2.76 mm), and coiled.  Lateral tubules well developed (about 2209-480 µm).  Anal tubules vary in different areas, from less than 2x longer than wide in some parts of India, to 3-4x longer in other areas; length 290-440 µm, width 80-165 µm.
Gular region darkened on posterior third to half, frontoclypeus variable from very slightly darkened to dark.
Mentum (Fig. c.) with fourth laterals reduced to about the level of the 5th laterals (type II), 6th laterals pointed outwards; c2 teeth of the central tooth mentum well separated (type III).
Clypeal aperture about 63 µm long and 3.9 times longer than wide).
Pecten epipharyngis (Fig. a) with about 12-15 teeth, often more worn than pictured.
Premandible with inner tooth shorter (wear?) to about equal, and about 2-2.5 times the width of the outer.
Antenna (Fig. b) with basal segment 2.8-3.5 times as long as wide; A2/A1 about 0.23-0.31; A4/A3 about 2.3-2.6; AR about 2-2.3; relative segment lengths (micron) 114 : 26 : 6 : 11 : 7.
Distance between antennal bases greater than that between the S4 setae, which are separated by about 0.8 of the frontoclypeal width.
Mandible (Fig. e) with third inner tooth mostly slightly darkened and only partly separated (type IA-IIB), about 11-14 furrows on outer surface near the base; 8-10 taeniae in PMa; Mdt-Mat/Mand len. abt 0.11-0.12.
Anal tubules may vary in size in different areas, from about twice as long as wide (Allahabad) to almost three times as long as wide (Jammu), length 290 - 440 µm, width 165 µm.

Cytology:  Four polytene chromosomes with the pseudothummi-cytocomplex combination BF, CD, AE, G. Nucleoli in arm B and C, with a small one also present subterminal in arm G (which is not always present/active).  Arm G closely paired with generally 3 obvious BRs from near the nucleolus to the opposite end, depending upon the sequence.
Polymorphism in arms A, B, C, D and G, although Pamual et al. report pericentric inversions involving the AE and BF chromosomes.  The largest number of inversions is in arm B.
cirA1:    1 - 3, 12 - 4, 13 - 19                                                                                                          as pseudothummi (widespread)
cirA2:    1 - 2c, 10 - 12, 3 - 2d, 9 - 4, 13 - 19                                                                                             as holomelas (widespread)
cirA3:    approx. 1 - 2d, 11 - 12, 3 - 2e, 10 - 4, 13 - 19                                                              (Thailand)
cirA-E(called A4):  A1-3, 12-5, E11-13, A6-4, 13-19, E 10i-c, 3f, 3a-e, 10ba-4, 2-1                    (India & Thailand)
cirB1:    Puff near nucleolus, with dark bands on distal side (gps. 8 - 7)                                            (widespread)
cirB2:    Puff just beyond middle of arm with dark bands proximal (gps 7 - 8):                                                (widespread)
cirB3:    abt same size as B2, but moved a few bands proximal, ending at nucleolus                          (India)
cirB4:    small inversion distal of the distal break of B2                                                                            (Thailand)
cirB5:    Similar to B2, but about 2-3 bands shorter at each end                                                                (Thailand)
cirB6:    inversion of distal third of arm                                                                                      (Thailand)
cirB7:    small subterminal inversion                                                                                                            (Thailand)
cirB8:    Small inversion of the region of the nucleolus                                                                (northern India)
cirB-F (called F2): involves the characteristic bands (groups 24-26) of arm B, to about F19                                        (Thailand)
cirC1:    Median nucleolus                                                                                                                                    (widespread)
cirC2:    Inversion of about a third of the arm distal to the nucleolus                                                              (widespread)
cirD1:    differs from oppD1 by at least one inversion                                                                                                          (widespread)
cirD2:    inversion of approximately the middle third of the arm                                                                                    (widespread)
cirD3:    noted by Kumar & Gupta, but seems to be in same region as cirD2                                                                                (India)
cirE1:    1 - 2 4 - 10ab 3e-a, 3f, 10c - 13                                                                                                                        from aprilinus by Inv4-3a
cirF1:    1 - 2a, 10d - 2c, 15c - 11a, 2b, 15d - 23                                                                                                                      as oppositus F3
cirG1:    Nucleolus near one end, three BRs towards the other end (most distal not always visible)                                        (widespread)
cirG2:    Inversion of over two thirds of the arm, from proximal of the nucleolus to between the two larger BRs                (widespread)
cirG3:    small inversion of the region of the BRs                                                                                                 (India)

Found:  India to Thailand, to New Guinea, Australia and the Pacific area.
            Type locality: Tainan (abt 23.0°N, 120.0°E), Yentempo, (formerly Takao Prefecture), FORMOSA (TAIWAN)..
            India - Yamuna River near Interstate Bus Terminals, East Delhi; Okhla, South East Delhi; University of Jammu & Kashmir, Jammu
            (32.73°N, 74.87°E), Bishnah wetland 32.70°N, 75.00°E), Suchetgarh, Jammu & Kashmir; Madurai, Tamil Nadu (9.91°N, 78.00°E);
            Varanasi, Banaras, Uttar Pradesh (25.20°N, 83.03°E)
            Indonesia - Kampung Damai, Balikpapan (1.25°S, 116.82°E), Kalimantan.
            Malaysia - Langat River, Selangor.
            Singapore - Sungei Api Api.
            Thailand: - Ban Bangkanark, Chachoengsao Province (Hashimoto et al. 1981); Bangkok area; Ban Don Chi, Amphoe Phibun
            Mangsahan, Ubol Ratchathani Province (Hashimoto et al. 1981); Ban Haet, Ban Phai, Borabue, Changhan, Chiang Khwan, Chiang yuen,
            Kamalasai, Kantharavichai, Kham Ta Kla, Meuang Kalasin, Meuang Khon Kean, Meuang Nakhon Phanom, Meuang Roi Et,
           Na Kae, Phang Khon, Pra Yuen, Renu Nakhon, Rong kham, Sawang Daen Din, Si Somdet, That Phanom, Yang Talat, Wanon Niwat
            (mostly from Pramual et al. 2008).

The morphology was redescribed by Sasa (1978) and Chaudhuri et al. (1992).
Chromosomes described by Kumar & Gupta (1990) and Pramual et al. (2008) as C. circumdatus, by Kuvangkadilok (1985) from Thailand, and for arms A, E and F (with some errors) by Saxena (1995) as C. plumatisetigerus.
This species can be bred in the laboratory (Kuvangkadilok 1994)

DNA Sequence
mtCOI: sequence is in GenBank for Malaysia (acc.no. JQ287751), Thailand (acc.nos. KT212956-977, JQ287747-51), Singapore (acc.no. KJ530968).