Species 2o. C. anonymus Williston, 1896

Adult:
         Partly after Sublette (1966 and 1967 – redesc. of co-types), Wülker et al. (1989) and an unpublished manuscript by D. Grimaldi:

Male:  Head and thorax with dark brown markings, scutellum pale; all femurs with a narrow apical dark fascia, bases of all tibiae also dark, broadest on foretibia.
Abdominal tergites II-IV with saddle shaped marking, becoming a median spot on V-VI.
Wing length 2.71 (2.44-3.06) mm. VR 0.93-0.98; 13.3 (8-17) setae in squamal fringe; almost entirely pale, anterior wing vein slightly darker.
AR about 3.04 (2.84-3.37).  Frontal tubercles small, length about 24 (16-30) µm and 2.75 times longer than wide.  Palpal proportions (µm) 60 : 49 : 229 : 238 : 352; P5/P4 1.51-1.55; P5/P3 1.48-1.62.  Clypeus about 0.60-0.75 times the width of the antennal pedicel, 23 (18-26) setae.
Thorax with a small but distinct median tubercle.  Setae: acrostichal - 12-14 in double row; dorsolateral - 13-21; prealar - 5-6; scutellar - 14-34.
LRI about 1.77; LRII about 0.63; LRIII 0.74.

	Fe	Ti	Ta1	Ta2	Ta3	Ta4	Ta5	LR	F/T	BR
PI	1320	1050	1780	875	770	665	340	1.66-1.82	1.23-1.29	2.47-2.54
PII	1340	1155	745	395	290	195	130	0.61-0.68	1.14-1.18
PIII	1490	1425	1055	555	445	260	150	0.72-0.76	1.04-1.06

TIX with about 11 (9-13) setae in individual spots.

Anal point broad and downcurved; superior volsella curved dorsally, essentially D-type, perhaps between e and f of Strenzke (1959); inferior volsella with 20-27 simple setae.  Gonostylus relatively narrow, reducing significantly from mid point.

Female:
Antennal flagellomeres darkened; proportions (µm) 168 : 117 : 129 : 130 : 191 (Wülker et al. list only 4 segments); AR about 0.36; A5/A1 about 1-14-1.25.  Frontal tubercles 41 µm.
Palpal proportions (2-5) (µm): 61 : 280 : 286 : 474; P5/P4 1.66, P5/P3 1.69.  Clypeus with about 44 setae.
Antepronotum slightly broader than in male, mesonotal tubercle conspicuous.
Thoracic setae: acrostichal - 14 in double row; dorsocentral - 45 in up to three rows; prealar 5, supra-alar - 1; scutellar - 20-31.
Wing length 3.64 mm, VR 1.11 (0.89); squamal fringe of 19 setae.
LRI about 1.89; LRII about 0.56; LRIII about 0.70.

	Fe	Ti	Ta1	Ta2	Ta3	Ta4	Ta5	LR	F/T	Ta4/Ti
PI	1465	1085	1995	1005	890	850	350	1.82-1.89	1.35	0.75
PII	1445	1255	775	410	290	195	155	0.67-0.87	1.15
PIII	1590	1485	1120	625	465	260	145	0.75	1.07

About 4 setae on GcIX; 6 setae on segment X which is long and narrow, about 2.2 times longer than greatest width.  Cercus small, essentially quadrate, ventral posterior margin rounded and slightly swollen.

Pupa: Total length 5.64-6.22 mm (male); 6.44-6.66 (female).  Integument infuscate with darker stripe extending to the postero-lateral spur, swim fin dark.  Cephalothorax with coarse tubercles along both sides of the median raphe.  Tergum II with 62-84 recurved hooks.  Terga II-VI with coarse shagreen over most of the surface; tergum VII with finer shagreen in the basal half; tergum VIII with fine shagreen towards the lateral margin.
Caudolateral spur of segment VIII usually with only 1, but occasionally 2 or 3 weaker spines at the end.  Swim fin 68-90 flattened marginal setae.

Larva a small plumosus-type; length about 8.0 - 12.0 mm (Bath and Anderson, 1969).  Anal tubules 4 - 6 times longer than wide (abt. 520 x 140 micron).
Pale gula and frontoclypeus.
Mentum with pointed teeth; centre (c1) tooth moderately broad with parallel or slightly diverging sides, c2 teeth well developed and sharp pointed (i.e. type IIA).  Pecten epipharyngis with about 15 long tapering teeth.
Ratio of antennal segments 25 : 5 : 1 : 2 : 1 (Bath and Anderson, 1969).  AR about 2.1; basal segment about 4 times longer than wide; ring organ toward center of the segment.
Mandible with third inner tooth darkened (generally type IIIC).

Cytology:  4 polytene chromosomes with the pseudothummi arm combination AE, BF, CD, G.
Arm G paired with a virtually terminal nucleolus at one end and two Balbiani rings, seperated by dark bands near the other end.  The more distal BR is almost terminal in Mississippi populations due to an inversion, apparently as in C. columbiensis.  No nucleoli in the long chromosomes.
Inversion polymorphism occurs in arms D, F and G, although no heterozygotes have been found for the inversions in arms F and G.  Two inversions occur in arm D, a short proximal one in California populations, and a distal one in Texas and Mississippi.

anyA1:    1a - e, 12 - 10, 4 - 9, 2d - 3b, 2c - 1f, 3c-i, 13 - 19
anyB1:    Puff (group 7) about 1/3 from distal end.
anyC1:
anyD1:
anyE1:    1a - 2e, 9a - 10b, 3e-a, 8i - 3f, 10c - 13g
anyF1:    1a-i, 16 - 19d, 6b - 2, 15 - 14, 12 - 13, 6c - 11, 20 - 23                    (Texas, Mississippi), as columbiensis
anyF2:    1a-b, 2b - 6b, 19d - 16, 1i-c, 2a, 15 - 14, 12 - 13, 6c - 11, 20 - 23        (California)

Found: California - Stanford, Santa Clara Co.; Near Palo Alto, Riverside (incl. 'Midgeville', UCR Campus), 3.5 mls. Palm Desert, & Corona, Riverside Co.; Arlington.
            Mississippi - Jackson, Hinds Co.(30.50°N; 90.33°W)
            Texas - Brackenridge Exptl. Stn., Austin, Travis Co.(30.27°N, 97.73°W); Fish hatchery Galveston, Galveston Co. Called C. karensisby Laufer et al. (1982)

              Also found in West Indies - St. Vincent Island (Type locality).

Sp. 51 of Frommer.  Egg mass described (as C. sp. 1) by Morrow, Bath & Anderson (1968) and larva by Bath and Anderson (1969).  Morphology and cytology described by Wülker, Sublette, Morath & Martin (1989b), some details of arms A, E and F given by Wülker & Morath (1989) and a photograph of arm G showing the location of the ssp160 gene (BR4) in Phillips et al. (1999).
Biever (1965, 1971) successfully bred this species in the laboratory (under the name C. sp. 51), as did Grimaldi in an unpublished manuscript.
The species seems to show differences in size between areas, but this may depend on whether they were wild collected or reared in the laboratory.
Noted as closely related to C. decorus among North American species, but males can be distinguished by the abdominal markings and the broad anal point.  However, most closely related to C. columbiensis (see below).