There are two BOLD bins that contain specimens labelled as C. calligraphus.
Type 1 is in BOLD Bin: BOLD:ABZ9507
Type 2 is in BOLD Bin: BOLD:AAP1715 - see C. hawaiiensis).
It is obvious that two species are included in this material previously identified as C. calligraphus but it is difficult to provide definitive descriptions because most of the published material does not distinguish between them. At present the only distinguishing character suggested has been the LR1, but this seems doubtful.
The DNA analysis in Spies et al. (2002) suggested the presence of two groups based on a mitochondrial COII analysis. However it appears that one of these groups was actually due to contamination by a species of syrphid. COI analysis also indicates the presence of two species but has not included any specimens from the type locality in Belém so it is not possible to determine to which form the Fittkau neotypes might belong. Type I is presently designated as C. calligraphus Goeldi, while type 2 is conspecific with C. hawaiiensis (Martin 2020).
Type 1 (= C. calligraphus)
See here for the original description by E. A. Goeldi.
Adult:
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North America (Florida) (laboratory reared male):
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Female:
Available values from South America:
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North American: (Coyote Ck, Cerritos, Los Angeles Co. UCA.16.1 F1-2).
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Pupa: None confirmed. Fittkau (1965) lists pupal length as 6.8-8.0 mm.
Exuvia hyaline, brownish. Cephalic tubercles well developed and dark.
The shagreen pattern is described as: Abdominal sternites I, II with weak shagreen of variable extent; SI covered at least in posterior 1/4, SII at least in anterior 1/2; parasternite II covered except around Pedes spurii B; SIII shagreen less extensive than on SII, parasternite with only anterior remnants. Paratergites V-VII with a posterolateral field of small points; anal spur (below) with 1-5, usually 2-4 spines. A possible type 1 specimen from Whittier, Los Angeles Co., California (below) has 3 closely applied spines.
Fourth instar larva a small to medium plumosus-type abt 10.9 (9.3-9.8 in Florida; Kansas female 13.7 mm) in length. Gula darkened on posterior third to half but extending beyond the width of the mentum and with a level anterior margin (see Fig. 4 Spies et al. 2002), frontoclypeus slightly dark to dark. Ventral tubules about equal length or posterior longer (Ant. 2.24 (2.04-2.56 mm; Post. 2.36 (2.04-2.88 mm), posterior pair coiled, shorter than described by Fittkau for South American specimens. Lateral tubules well developed 367 (280-420) µm. Anal tubules relatively short, 180-260 µm long, 100-110 µm wide (1.8-2.6 times longer than wide).
Clypeal aperture quite wide, abt 65 (63-68) x 17 (15-19) µm; and 3.6-4.2 x longer than wide in the 2 specimens in which it was able to be seen.
Mentum (Fig. d) width about 61 (59-62)% of VHL; c2 teeth well seperated (type IIA but may be type III when not worn), 4th laterals reduced to or almost to the level of the 5th laterals (type II or III).
Ventromental plates (Fig. e) separated by about a third (0.29-0.33) of the mentum width; about 190 (164-210) µm long and 3.6 (3.3-3.8) times longer than deep; longer 1.1 (1.06-1.14)x than the width of the mentum; with about 43.6 (40-48) striae.
Premandible (Fig. b) with inner tooth coming to a broad point, about 3.3 (3-4) times wider than outer tooth which comes to a fine point (Type D). Pecten epipharyngis (Fig. a) with about 13.5 (9-15) somewhat irregular teeth (type B).
Distance between the antennal bases usually greater than the distance between the S4 setae, which are separated by about 81 (76-84)% of the FC width at that point.
Antenna (Fig. c) with basal segment, about 3.1 (3.06-3.11) times longer than wide and about 1/3 the VHL; segment lengths (micron): 99 : 27 : 7 : 10 : 7 (note A3 about same length as A5 - A5/A3 0.86-1.09)); AR about 1.96 (1.87-2.05); A2/A1 about 0.28 (0.25-0.29).
Mandible (Fig. f) with 3rd inner tooth relatively well developed but only partly colored (mostly type IIIB but occasionally IIB); 14.7 (13-17) furrows on the outer surface near the base; 11 (10-12) taeniae in Pecten mandibularis; MTR 0.32 (0.25-0.38).
Cytology: 4 polytene chromosomes with the pseudothummi arm combination AE, BF, CD, G.
This is probably the form used in the cytological studies of arms A, E, and F by Wülker, Devai and Devai (1989) and Wülker and Morath (1989).
The chromosomes of a single specimen, of very poor quality, were available. Many sequences could be identical to those of C. hawaiiensis; arm C might be sequence C2. Arm G relatively long, closely paired with a nucleolus about 1/4 from end with heterochromatic cap, with a closely applied BR and two BRs near the other end - the most obvious difference being a much more developed nucleolus and BR, although this may just be a characteristic of this specimen. Polymorphism for arms A, B, and C is present in Central or South American samples, but no data on the pattern of C, G or of other banding techniques, and there are cases known where homosequential sequences hide a very different pattern of heterochromatin, etc., distribution.
cagA1: 1a-e, 9a-e, 2d-3b, 8g-d, 1k-f, 3c-i, 13-15, 4-8c, 2a-c, 10-12, 16-19 as hawA1
cagA3: approx 1a-e, 9a-e, 2d-3b, 8g-d, 1k-f, 3c-i, 13a-15e, 4a, 6b-4b, 6c-8c, 2a-c, 10-12, 16-19 (Kansas)
cagB1: bulb (gp 7) about 1/3 from distal end with dark bands (gp 8?) distal to it. as hawB1
cagB2: Inversion of about half of arm near distal end.
cagC1: Typical band group 3-4 about 1/3 from centromere. as hawC1
cagD1: not mapped. as hawD1
cagE1: 1-3e, 10b-9, 3f-8, 12b-10c, 12c-13 as hawE1
cagF1: 1-6b, 19-18, 11f-14, 17-15, 11e-6c, 20-23 as hawF1 & sp. WOC.
Confirmed localities:
California - San Diego, San Diego Co. (32.8263°N, 117.134°W); "Southern California" (no other details) (both BOLD);
confluence N & E forks Coyote Creek, Cerritos (33.88°N, 118.07°W), Los Angeles Co.;
Florida - Gainsville (29.65°N, 82.33°W), Alachua Co.; Winter Haven, Polk Co.
Kansas - Mill Creek, nr Craig, Johnson Co. (38.95°N, 94.80°W)).
Also Cali, Colombia; Brazil (Type locality - Belém, Pará (but which type?).